Chiaroscuro woodcuts entered a new phase when Parmigianino, the precociously talented exponent of Mannerism, fled Rome following the sack of the city in 1527 and established a workshop in Bologna at the age of twenty-four. There he collaborated with Ugo da Carpi and engaged the printer Antonio da Trento to produce prints, including chiaroscuro woodcuts. Ugo instructed Antonio in the chiaroscuro technique and his two-block prints capture the fluent, graceful draughtsmanship of Parmigianino. This woodcut, which shows an intimate grouping of the Madonna holding the Christ Child and the young Saint John the Baptist, is one of the blocks Antonio produced in close collaboration with Parmigianino.