Perhaps the cat’s intelligence, individuality and independence were not fully appreciated or understood until the enlightened sixteenth-century French philosopher and cat lover Michel de Montaigne observed, ‘When I am playing with my cat, how do I know she is not playing with me?’ This book illustration could show the moment this thought dawned on Montaigne as he and his cat seem to be in a stare-off. It does beg the question, Who is in control of this situation?