This monotype is part of a series created by Edgar Degas as illustrations for Ludovic Halévy’s 1883 La Famille Cardinal, a collection of stories that centre on the antics of Mr and Mrs Cardinal and their two daughters, both of whom are dancers at the Opéra de Paris. Rather than providing a strictly literal illustration of the stories, Degas primarily depicted scenes of theatre life in general. Perhaps for this reason, his monotypes were rejected by Halévy and were not used with the text until a posthumous edition was published in 1938. In this monotype, Mrs Cardinal chastises her daughter for spending time at the opera in the unchaperoned company of the Marquis Cavalcanti, whom Mrs Cardinal also reproaches for encouraging such behaviour.